What you need to know about CPAP
CPAP is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, which means that a mask is used to deliver a continuous positive airway pressure into the airway. A machine that delivers oxygen in this way is called a CPAP ventilator. This means that the patient should have a stable respiratory drive and an appropriate tidal volume under autonomic breathing conditions, and that a degree of positive airway pressure is artificially applied throughout the respiratory cycle, thereby helping to prevent airway atrophy, increase functional residual air volume, improve lung compliance and increase oxygenation. In this mode, the ventilator maintains only a certain level of positive airway pressure and no mechanical ventilation is performed. It is limited to patients with spontaneous breathing. If the patient develops apnoea, the CPAP ventilator can perform the necessary mechanical ventilation according to a preset frequency to safeguard the patient.
It is mainly used in neonatal units, paediatric intensive care (NICU, PICU). For premature, neonatal, infant and paediatric patients suffering from acute pneumonia, pulmonary haemorrhage, type I and II respiratory failure, shock and heart failure and hypoxaemia. It can also be used for people with snoring leading to nocturnal sleep apnoea and for resuscitation of acute heart failure.
Advantages
1. Provides a safe and controlled concentration of oxygen to the infant (FIO2)
2. Effective in maintaining functional residual air volume (FRC)
3. helps to reduce the amount of work done by the infant to breathe (WOB)
4. reduces the need for invasive mechanical ventilation
5. provides a better warm and moist gas to the infant (T)
6. significantly reduces the incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD)
7. improves non-pulmonary physiological indicators, such as height and weight
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