ECG monitor, have you mastered the basics?
Basic principle
By detecting the potential difference (i.e. lead) between two specific points on the body surface of the heart's electrical activity to reflect the working status of the heart.
The eight additional vital signs: reflect the patient's vital status of the eight signs. These include body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, mental status, pupils, urine output, and skin mucosa.
ECG and Electrocardiogram
ECG - The rhythmic contraction and diastole of the heart is the power source of blood circulation in the blood vessels. The excitation and excitation propagation of cardiac muscle cells are based on the bioelectric activity of the cell membrane. The whole of all myocardial cell membrane bioelectrical activity constitutes the electrocardiographic signal.
ECG - The ECG signal travels through the body tissues to the body surface, where it is monitored using ECG electrodes and traced on a time axis to form the ECG.
ECG Monitor is generally capable of monitoring multiple or twelve-lead ECGs and can perform further analysis of ECG waveforms, such as arrhythmia analysis, pacing analysis, and ST-segment analysis.
ECG monitor is not a complete substitute for a standard ECG machine. The current monitored ECG waveforms generally do not yet provide the finer structure of the ECG waveform, and the two instruments have different bandwidths in the measurement circuit.
Who to use
Any patient whose condition is critical and requires continuous and uninterrupted monitoring of ECG activity (frequency and rhythm of heartbeat, cardiac output), body temperature, respiration, blood pressure (non-invasive or invasive), partial pressure of end-expiratory carbon dioxide, central venous pressure and transcutaneous oxygen saturation.
Electrodes and placement of each electrode
There are five electrodes placed as follows
Upper right (RA): First intercostal space on the midclavicular line at the right edge of the sternum.
Lower right (RL): right midclavicular line at the level of the fenestra.
Middle (C): the fourth intercostal space on the left edge of the sternum.
Upper left (LA): the first intercostal space in the midclavicular line of the left edge of the sternum
Lower left (LL): at the level of the fenestra of the left midclavicular line
Placement of the three leads
The white (right arm) electrode is placed under the clavicle, against the right shoulder
Black (left arm) electrode is placed under the clavicle, against the left shoulder
Red (left abdomen) electrode is placed in the left lower abdomen, at the lower edge of the costal arch
The electrode plate should be placed in such a way that the following conditions can be met
1,P wave is clear and obvious (such as sinus rhythm).
2, QRS wave amplitude should be clear and reach a certain amplitude to trigger heart rate counting and alarm.
3,Do not interfere with resuscitation operations (such as electric defibrillation, etc.)
Main observation indicators
1,Observe and record heart rate and rhythm regularly.
2,Observe whether there are P waves and how the morphology, height and width of p waves.
3,Measure p an R interval (0.12-0.21), Q-T interval (0.44-0.36s at normal heart rate of 60-100bpm, generally less than 0.44s in men and less than 0.45s in women and children).
4. Observe whether the QRS waveform is normal and whether there are "missed beats".
5,Observe whether the T wave is normal.
6. Pay attention to the presence of abnormal waveforms
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