Generally speaking, the monitor has the following six parameters
1. ECG shows important changes in the electrical activity of the heart, heart rate and arrhythmia. It can show changes in the amount of bleeding, the pumping function of the heart, and the resistance of the peripheral vasculature. The old monitoring system used single-lead or two-lead analog lead for ECG monitoring. Various false alarms are generated due to the misrecognition of various arrhythmias caused by the congenital deficiency of the system. Especially when the lead falls off, serious false alarms such as sinus stillness or ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation caused by interference will occur. For example, the Marquette monitoring system adopts standard 12-lead synchronous analysis monitoring, multi-lead display monitoring, and makes full use of the ECG The advantages of automatic analysis overcome the shortcomings of single-lead and greatly improve the accuracy of arrhythmia recognition and alarm. Even if an individual monitoring lead falls off, the system will not generate a false alarm similar to that caused by single-lead monitoring, but will automatically select another lead without relearning the QRS shape and maintain the monitoring state. It is especially suitable for patients with acute myocardial infarction. The thrombolytic therapy, the arrhythmia changes caused by reperfusion play a greater role. The 12-lead ST-segment continuous monitoring solves the insensitivity of single-lead monitoring to myocardial ischemia monitoring and the inaccuracy of ischemia positioning, and can detect the onset of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia and symptomatic myocardial ischemia in time, especially Surveillance of acute myocardial infarction suspected of angina pectoris is more effective. Continuous detection of the development direction of myocardial ischemia, evaluation of acute myocardial infarction thrombolytic therapy and observation of various coronary stenosis after coronary angioplasty, timely detection of myocardial infarction, has won precious time for treatment.
2. Blood pressure detection, whether invasive blood pressure (IBP) or non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) are important indicators of physiological and pathological conditions, showing changes in bleeding volume, heart pumping efficiency and resistance of the peripheral vasculature. Invasive blood pressure measurement is performed by directly inserting blood vessels into the circulatory system. For newborns, the catheter is usually inserted directly into the umbilical vein. A pressure transducer connected to the catheter converts the mechanical force exerted by the blood into electrical signals. The signal is displayed on the monitor’s screen in graphical or digital form with the corresponding pressure and time. The non-invasive blood pressure measurement is commonly used as an oscillating measurement method. In this method, an inflatable belt is tied to the patient’s limbs. The pulse of the artery is generated in the air bag of the air belt. Pressure fluctuations are measured by a transducer connected to the air belt hose. Another method is to detect Korotkoff sounds using a sensing pressure and a microphone in the air belt.
3. Body temperature monitoring usually uses a thermistor probe (a semiconductor whose impedance varies with body temperature). The method is to insert it into the rectum or esophagus. In general anesthesia, under low or high temperature conditions, especially in surgery During the low temperature period required by surgery, monitoring body temperature is particularly important, because the body temperature of newborns can reflect the overall metabolism and infection, especially for newborns who are nursing in an incubator or radiation incubator, monitoring body temperature is extremely important.
4. There are many ways to monitor the respiration rate and measure respiration. One is impedance pneumography. The other method includes placing a pressure sensitive capsule on the abdomen to detect body surface activity caused by respiration, and placing a thermistor on the abdomen. Near the mouth or nose, the temperature change between inhalation and exhalation is detected. It uses a pulse transponder connected to the intestinal wall to generate and detect changes in the electromagnetic field, as well as induction plethysmography, newborn breathing rate detection, mainly used to detect asphyxia, because premature babies and newborns with low birth weight are particularly easy Asphyxia, the monitor is equipped with an apnea alarm. If the user does not detect breathing within the expected period of time, the alarm will be triggered. If the breathing recovers spontaneously, the monitor will automatically reset.
5. Blood gas detection, the carbon dioxide monitor can also detect the end of tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), because carbon dioxide detection is also a method to determine the respiration rate, there are two types of carbon dioxide detectors, one is a carbon dioxide meter, which continuously measures carbon dioxide in digital form Display data, the other is the capnograph, the capnograph is the increment and decrement of carbon dioxide in each inhalation/exhalation cycle, and displays the carbon dioxide waveform and digital data. The capnograph is continuously connected to the monitor, It becomes a carbon dioxide analyzer.
6. Pulse oximetry measurement, which provides a quick indication of the oxygenation change level of the patient. It is an indicator of effective ventilation. It can continuously and instantaneously monitor the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SPO2), which can meet the needs of arterial puncture and blood gas analysis. A quick check of the ventilation status of the patient is particularly helpful for newborns undergoing oxygen therapy. It is also the main nursing method for patients who rely on respirators. The pulse oximeter uses two LEDS (light emitting diodes) to pass through the probe (usually Placed on the fingertips, earlobes or toes of an adult patient, and placed on the foot of a newborn) emits light of different wavelengths to the capillary bed, which is measured by the detector and converted into an electronic signal proportional to the absorption value. Calculate the value of SPO2 and display it. A small number of neonatal monitors can also detect the transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are emitted through the skin and enter through the semi-permeable membrane of the heating sensor. The inside of the box can be detected by chemical or optical methods. Mixed venous oxygenation (SVO2) is the final result of measuring oxygen release and consumption during or after surgery for critically ill and injured patients, or by coronary artery bypass grafting (VABG). The standard SVO2 value represents physiological needs Increased or insufficient oxygen supply. Some monitors are used for neonatal transcutaneous oxygen (TCPO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TCPCO2) monitoring. They also provide a relatively non-invasive method to assess the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Under certain circumstances, it can supplement or replace periodic arterial puncture and blood gas analysis. The SPO2 value is very important in neonatal monitoring. It can avoid hyperoxia or hypoxia. The blood carbon dioxide value is used to evaluate the body's ability to eliminate carbon dioxide to avoid under or overcapnia in the blood. Individual monitors can also detect vital signs such as brain electricity and electromyography, which benefit from the implantation of internal information or the development of remote sensing technology.
