Types of pressure steam sterilizers
According to the different ways of cold air discharge, pressure steam sterilizers are divided into two categories: down-exhaust pressure steam sterilizers and pre-vacuum pressure steam sterilizers. Bottom exhaust pressure steam sterilizer is also called gravity displacement pressure steam sterilizer, its sterilization is based on the principle of gravity displacement, so that hot steam flows from top to bottom in the sterilizer, and cold air is exhausted from bottom The hole is exhausted, and the exhausted cold air is replaced by saturated steam, and the latent heat released by the steam is used to sterilize the item. The sterilization principle of the pre-vacuum pressure steam sterilizer is to use the method of mechanical vacuum to form a negative pressure in the chamber of the sterilization cabinet, and the steam can quickly penetrate into the interior of the article for sterilization. According to the number of times of vacuuming, it is divided into two types: pre-vacuum and pulsating vacuum. The latter is more thorough in removing air and more reliable in effect due to repeated vacuuming.
The pressure steam sterilizer can use external pipeline steam, or use the electric steam boiler matched with the pressure steam sterilizer to produce steam at any time. Some small down-exhaust pressure steam sterilizers can also heat the water in the sterilization pot through electric furnace and gas furnace and make it generate steam to achieve the purpose of sterilization. Generally speaking, the steam source of external pipeline steam is relatively sufficient, which is suitable for larger pressure steam sterilizers. The steam volume produced by electric steam boilers per unit time is usually small and requires a long heating time.
The traditional pressure steam sterilizer has a single door. As people's requirements for aseptic operation become more and more stringent, there are more and more pressure steam sterilizers with double-sided doors. This type of sterilizer is especially suitable for clean areas. , Contaminated areas, special treatment of contaminated items entering the clean area from the polluted area, and double-door pressure steam sterilizers are often used in the production process of some sterilized items in hospitals and pharmaceutical factories.
According to the position of the steam pipe in the sterilizer, there are jacket type and sleeve type. The steam pipe of the former is outside the cavity of the sterilizer, which is a classic method. The characteristics of the maintenance of the fungus pot. The steam pipe of the latter is in the cavity of the sterilizer, which has the characteristics of convenient processing, wide heat transfer area, and more direct and rapid heating.
Since the volume of a pressure sterilizer is related to the sterilization effect and monitoring method, the International Standardization Committee classifies pressure steam sterilizers with a volume of less than 60 liters as small pressure steam sterilizers. According to the shape and characteristics of the sterilizer, there are also differences between vertical, horizontal, desktop, and mobile pressure steam sterilizers.
Ordinary pressure steam sterilizers generally do not consider the pollution of the discharged cold air to the environment when designing, but it is necessary to sterilize the cold air when dealing with infectious items, especially the pressure steam sterilizers in biosafety laboratories There should be cold air disinfection treatment devices on the exhaust pipes.
