What is the principle of anesthesia machine?
In the work of the anesthesia ventilator, the high-pressure gas (air, oxygen, laughing gas, etc.) is reduced to a stable and stable gas through the pressure reducing valve, and the required flow of gas is generated by the flowmeter to be used by the anesthesia machine; the anesthetic drug is volatilized After the tank is converted to anesthetic steam, the required amount of anesthetic steam is adjusted for use by the surgeon. Proportional oxygen or air full of anesthetic steam, using the negative pressure of inhalation generated by the human body when breathing, the gas is inhaled into the lungs and exchanged into the human body, and transported to the various organs of the human body through the blood circulation, causing the organs to temporarily lose consciousness and each other for a certain period of time. Kind of reflection, so as to achieve the purpose of anesthesia.
Working principle of traditional anesthesia machine
Traditionally, the anesthesia machine is divided into 3 parts:
1. It is the anesthesia machine itself (including gas supply and delivery system, anesthesia vaporizer, anesthesia ventilation system, safety detection system and residual gas removal system), that is, the so-called fresh gas that provides anesthetic gas and oxygen. This is a very traditional part. This part of most anesthesia machines on the market is similar.
2. It is the monitoring part of gas monitoring (respiratory gas monitoring, anesthetic gas analysis) and patient monitoring (ECG, EEG monitoring, blood oxygen concentration monitoring, hemodynamic monitoring, muscle relaxation monitoring), this part is at least currently complete It is an independent part, which can be integrated with the anesthesia machine formally or can be completely independent.
3. It is the ventilator and circuit part of the anesthesia machine that have a pivotal impact on the performance of the anesthesia machine (most of the more commonly used ventilators are operated by the air bag (folding bellows) inside and outside the double ring air circuit, the air flow of the inner ring and the disease The airway is connected, and the airflow in the outer ring Qilu is mainly used to squeeze the breathing bag or bellows, and press the fresh air in the airbag or bellows into the patient's alveoli to facilitate awakening gas exchange, also known as driving steam. Because it is not connected to the patient's airway , Compressed oxygen or compressed air can be used.)
The basic structure of the patient breathing circuit
3.1 Our classification Anesthesia ventilator is often confused with therapeutic ventilator. The purpose of these two machines is different, such as pneumatic pneumatic control, pneumatic electronic control and electric electronic control ventilators. Although this classification is correct in principle, it can be slightly rough. , It confuses the huge difference between the pneumatic and electronically controlled high-end therapeutic ventilator in the general anesthesia machine.
3.2 Now to classify anesthesia ventilator, we must not only distinguish the type of power source (pneumatic or electric), but also distinguish the type of separation device, that is, a folding bladder or a cylinder. This classification allows us to easily distinguish the actual application of each The pros and cons can better enable us to understand the technical content of the anesthesia ventilator itself.
3.3 Anesthesia ventilator with folding skin as a separating device, both pneumatic and electric. The compliance of this kind of anesthesia ventilator is an insurmountable barrier. It can only be compensated by software. If it is an ascending skin, it is often It is pneumatic and cannot achieve low-flow anesthesia through mechanical devices. The descending bladder, both pneumatic and electric, can achieve low-flow anesthesia through mechanical devices. Pneumatic power consumption is about 10 times that of electric power, but the structure can be simplified to the extreme. Pneumatic electronically controlled anesthesia ventilator has a large technical content span, while electric one has relatively complicated mechanical structure.
3.4 Another type of anesthesia ventilator uses a rolling film cylinder as a separation device. Its advantage is unique, that is, the system is less compliant. It can be placed and absorbed in the exhalation circuit, and with the hard characteristics of the cylinder itself, its system compliance is about 1/10 of the folded bladder. In addition, it is easy to achieve low-flow anesthesia through mechanical devices, but its structure is the most complicated and the cost is relatively high.
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