1. How are oxygen and nitrous oxide used simultaneously in animal anesthesia machines? The animal anesthesia machine is generally equipped with an oxygen flow meter. By adding a nitrous gas flow meter to expand the components, a dual flow meter is formed. The gas ratio is: (nitrous gas (70%) + isoflurane/sevoflurane (30% oxygen)
Second, the application of nitrous oxide in anesthesia research? Nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide) was used for anesthesia in dental surgery in the early days. It is one of the earliest anesthetics used in medical treatment. Laughing gas does not stimulate the respiratory tract, nor does it damage important organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys. , without any biotransformation and degradation in the body, most of them are still excreted with exhalation as the original drug, because of its strong analgesic effect and weak anesthetic effect, it is rarely used now.
3. Why is a mixed gas source of nitrous oxide and oxygen used in animal inhalation anesthesia?
1. Complementary effects: better anesthesia, analgesia and muscle relaxation
2. Gas effect: When inhaling high-concentration gas (laughing gas) and low-concentration gas (such as isoflurane/sevoflurane) at the same time, the rate of increase in alveolar gas concentration and blood concentration is faster than when low-concentration gas is used alone. Fast (concentration effect and incremental effect), this can have two effects:
(1) The depth of anesthesia can be adjusted faster;
(2) Due to the synergistic effect of nitrous oxide, lower concentrations of fluorine-containing anesthetics can be used, thereby reducing adverse reactions and reducing the dosage of expensive anesthetics;
3. Prevent oxygen poisoning: antagonize the cardiovascular inhibitory effect of fluorine-containing inhalation anesthetics, and help maintain the stability of circulatory function.
What Causes Delayed Emergence From Anesthesia…
In fact, for animals, the wake-up time varies greatly between individuals.
According to general experience, the recovery time of inhalation anesthesia is usually 10-15 minutes, and the recovery time of injection anesthesia is usually 30-90 minutes. If this time limit is exceeded, it can be regarded as delayed awakening. Animal diseases, drug use, and improper anesthesia management can easily lead to delayed recovery, and many factors such as the type of surgery and operation time also have a certain impact on the recovery time.
①Overdose of general anesthesia is the most common cause of delayed awakening, especially for some novice anesthesiologists, who often perform anesthesia according to the "recommended dose", but for elderly or frail animals, and animals with adrenal insufficiency or hypothyroidism It's actually been tried.
② During inhalation anesthesia, the degree of alveolar ventilation determines the recovery speed of animals, and insufficient ventilation is also a common cause of delayed recovery. The blood gas dissolution density of inhalation anesthetics determines the speed at which the drugs are excreted from the lungs. When a large amount of inhaled anesthetics is used due to a long-term operation, the inhaled anesthetics are stopped for too short a time, and the anesthetics are redistributed into the adipose tissue and other factors. The elimination of the anesthetic is slow, which affects the recovery of the animal.
③Barbiturates and benzodiazepines can enhance the inhibitory effect of anesthetics on the central nervous system to varying degrees. If overdose or continuous addition of various auxiliary drugs during surgery, it may lead to delayed recovery.
④ During inhalation anesthesia, the veterinarian did not give effective respiratory management, such as the use of circulation
