For large-scale equipment such as biochemical analyzers, if the principle of the machine can be understood and searched in blocks, the fault can be quickly checked.
1. Realization conditions
If you want to quickly eliminate equipment failures, you must first master the principles, and second, you must have a complete set of maintenance procedures. Third, clinical engineers must have a strong sense of responsibility, and it is best to technically ensure that there are maintenance materials.
2. Divide the biochemical analyzer into blocks
At present, whether the biochemical analyzers on the market are imported or domestic, although the detection principles may be different from each other, the basic modules are similar. The most important thing is that the circuit of this device rarely has problems, so it can be quickly repaired is more likely.
Generally speaking, various biochemical analyzer hardware can be divided into three parts: one is the optical system; the second is the liquid distribution and transmission system; the third is the temperature control system. These three systems are connected with the computer through the relevant circuits, and the parameter selection operation is carried out through software editing. Therefore, when the user has a problem, first determine which system the problem may appear in. Do quick positioning.
Under normal circumstances, there are very few problems in the circuit, most of which are problems in the optical system and distribution system, followed by the DC power supply system. The light energy detector in the optical system is generally closed, can hardly be disassembled, and has a long life. Generally, the most problematic part is the light path from the light bulb through the condenser lens through the reactant in the cuvette to the adapter mirror. Among them, the most common problem is the aging of the bulb. In some devices, there will be an alarm prompt of insufficient light, which is conducive to rapid positioning according to the prompt content.
The distribution system is relatively complex, with many pipes in this part, and its modules can be subdivided into three parts: one is reagent distribution; the other is sample distribution; and the third is cleaning. Specifically wrap tubing, deionized water, mixers, turntables, dispensing needles, wash arms, mechanism arms, syringe pumps, etc. In this part, problems such as air leakage, inaccurate sample aspiration, and blockage of pipes and pinholes may occur. The length of the pinhole cleaning time can be programmed. Generally, when doing strong acid and strong alkali projects, it must be edited separately. It is better to have other weak acid and alkali projects in the middle to form a buffer, and the quality of pure water during flushing is also very important. The requirements for water quality are generally reverse osmosis water above the second level, and the water resistivity is required to be above 1MQ.
The software functions of the biochemical analyzer mainly include three aspects: one is to provide users with an operation interface to realize editing, sample/reagent setting, project application and execution, result output and historical record query, etc.; the second is to control the work of each part of the instrument , to realize various biochemical analysis methods and some auxiliary functions. For a biochemical analyzer, the higher the degree of automation, the stronger the function of the instrument; the third is data analysis, processing and calculation, such as patient information and raw data storage, Laboratory results summary report, out-of-control report, quality control data calculation and drawing, quality control retrospective inspection and analysis, quality control substances and quality control data management, etc.
3. Fault location
According to the above analysis, it is possible to know the common faults of the equipment, so that the maintenance is more convenient and the speed of solving the problem can be accelerated.
Elimination of any kind of failure, in fact, there are levels. One is from high to low, that is, starting from the big principle and dividing the function first. The other is from low to high, that is, starting from the most direct fault appearance, some problems are relatively simple, and many machines have an error reporting function, and the fault point can be found directly according to the prompts. If there is a problem with the light source, if the light bulb is broken, it can be replaced directly. There is no need to classify the functions from the beginning to the end, which depends on the substantiveness and hypocrisy of the specific performance of the fault for analysis and judgment.
During the positioning process, it is necessary to make full use of the self-alarm information of the machine. However, sometimes the error message is not the direct cause of the fault, and it needs to be analyzed according to specific principles. Another way to quickly judge the software and hardware faults of the equipment is to determine whether the equipment is a software problem or a hardware problem based on the repeatability of the instrument inspection results. If the repeatability is poor, it indicates that there may be a problem with the machine hardware; otherwise, it indicates that the machine itself is fine, and the technical file may need to be re-edited.
4. DC power supply system
Power supply system: Most of the current medical equipment power supply systems (not including old models) use switching power supplies. Switching power supplies mainly include full-bridge rectifier circuits, start-up circuits, switch excitation circuits, voltage regulator control circuits, output rectifier filter circuits and It is composed of various protection circuits, special (inverter, intelligent) circuits, etc. As long as you are familiar with the working principle of the power supply, you can easily eliminate the power supply failure, and pay special attention to the purity of the output voltage and the voltage value and other parameters. When the machine fails, the power supply voltage should be detected first according to the fault point, and sometimes the maintenance effect can be obtained to a large extent.
5. Maintenance summary
When repairing various medical equipment, especially large-scale equipment, it is necessary to clarify the principle before repairing. Because of the variety of knowledge involved, functional segmentation and positioning are the keys to rapid repair.
