Learn more about Blood Cell Analyzers (Blood Routine)
1. What is a blood cell analyzer?
Blood cell analyzer, also known as blood cell analyzer, blood cell analyzer, blood cell counter, etc., is one of the most widely used instruments in hospital clinical testing. Blood-related data such as concentration, hematocrit, etc.
2. What items can the blood cell analyzer detect? The significance of blood routine testing is to find early signs of many systemic diseases, diagnose whether there is anemia, whether there is blood disease, and reflect the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. The analyzer plays a very important role in testing, so what testing items does the blood cell analyzer have?
White blood cell count (WBC) Peripheral blood leukocytes originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Leukocytes include granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. Among them, granulocytes are further divided into neutrophils, neutrophils cells, eosinophils and basophils. A white blood cell count is a measure of the total number of various types of white blood cells in the blood.
Reference value for adults: (4～10)×109/L. Children: (5～12)×109/L. Newborn: (15～20)×109/L.
1. Leukocytosis
(1) Physiological: Mainly seen in premenstrual, pregnancy, childbirth, lactating women, strenuous exercise, excitement, drinking, after meals, etc. Neonatal and infants are higher than adults.
(2) Pathology is mainly seen in various bacterial infections, severe tissue damage or necrosis, leukemia, malignant tumors, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and acute poisoning of chemical drugs such as organophosphorus pesticides and hypnotics. Chemical drugs can also increase white blood cells.
2. Leukopenia
(1) Diseases are mainly seen in influenza, aplastic anemia, leukemia, etc.
(2) Sulfonamides, antipyretic analgesics, some antibiotics, antithyroid agents, antitumor drugs, etc. should be used for medication.
(3) Special infections such as gram-negative bacterial infection (typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever), Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, viral infection (rubella, hepatitis), parasitic infection (malaria), etc.
(4) Effects of other radiation, chemicals (benzene and its derivatives), etc. There are many factors affecting the white blood cell count, and if necessary, a comprehensive judgment should be combined with indicators such as white blood cell count and white blood cell morphology.
【neutrophils】
1. neutropenia
(1) Acute infection or purulent infection, including local infection (abscess, furuncle, tonsillitis, appendicitis, otitis media, etc.); systemic infection (pneumonia, erysipelas, sepsis, scarlet fever, diphtheria, acute rheumatic fever). In mild infection, the percentage of white blood cells and neutrophils can be increased; in moderate infection, the count can be > 10.0 × 109/L; in severe infection, the count can be > 20.0 × 109/L, with obvious left shift.
(2) Poisoning uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, acidosis, early mercury poisoning, lead poisoning, or hypnotics, organophosphorus poisoning.
(3) Bleeding and other diseases Acute bleeding, acute hemolysis, postoperative, malignant tumor, myeloid leukemia, severe tissue damage, myocardial infarction and vascular embolism, etc.
(4) Physiological see "leukocytosis".
2. neutropenia
(1) Diseases typhoid, paratyphoid, malaria, brucellosis, certain viral infections (such as hepatitis B, measles, influenza), blood diseases, anaphylactic shock, aplastic anemia, high cachexia, neutropenia or deficiency Symptoms, hypersplenism, autoimmune diseases, etc. (2) Poisoning damage Heavy metal or organic poisoning, radiation damage, etc.
(3) Medication Antineoplastic drugs, benzodiazepine sedatives, sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues, antiepileptic drugs, antifungal drugs, antiviral drugs, antipsychotics, some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.
【Lymphocytes】
1. lymphocytosis
(1) Convalescent period of infectious diseases such as whooping cough, infectious mononucleosis, infectious lymphocytosis, tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles, rubella, mumps, infectious hepatitis, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.
(2) Hematological diseases such as acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and leukemic lymphosarcoma can cause an absolute increase in lymphocyte count; aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis can also cause a relative increase in lymphocyte percentage. In addition, it can also be seen in the period of rejection after kidney transplantation.
2. Acute phase of lymphopenia infectious diseases, radiation sickness, cellular immunodeficiency disease, long-term application of adrenal cortex hormones or exposure to radiation, etc. In addition, when neutrophils are increased due to various reasons, lymphocytes can also be relatively reduced. Red blood cell count (RBC) Red blood cells are the most abundant formed components in the blood. As a respiratory carrier, they can transport carbon dioxide while carrying and releasing oxygen to various tissues of the body, and coordinately regulate the maintenance of acid-base balance and immune adhesion. The red blood cell count is one of the main indicators for diagnosing anemia.
Reference value male: (4.0～5.5)×1012/L. Female: (3.5～5.0)×1012/L. Newborn: (6.0～7.0)×1012/L.
1. polycythemia
(1) The relative increase is seen in severe vomiting, diarrhea, excessive urination, shock, sweating, and extensive burns. Due to a large amount of water loss, the amount of plasma decreases and the blood is concentrated, so that the concentration of various components in the blood increases accordingly. a temporary phenomenon.
(2) Absolute increase is seen in: ① Physiological increase, such as hypoxia and high altitude life, fetuses, newborns, strenuous exercise or physical labor, accelerated release of red blood cells from bone marrow, etc.; ② Pathological compensatory and secondary increases, Often secondary to patients with chronic cor pulmonale, emphysema, mountain sickness and tumors (renal cancer, adrenal tumor); ③ polycythemia vera, chronic bone marrow hyperfunction of unknown cause, the red blood cell count can reach (7.0-12.0) × 1012 /L.
2. decrease in red blood cells
Deficiency of hematopoietic substances Caused by malnutrition or malabsorption, such as chronic gastrointestinal diseases, alcoholism, partial eclipse, etc., resulting in insufficient hematopoietic substances such as iron, folic acid, vitamins, or protein, copper,
