Clinical medicine
Definition
Medicine is a scientific system and practice aimed at protecting and strengthening human health, preventing and treating diseases. Clinical medicine mainly refers to the part of medicine that focuses on practical activities. Clinical medicine is the science of directly facing diseases and patients, and directly treating patients.
Classification
Clinical medicine belongs to the first-level discipline of medicine (category code 10), the discipline code is 1002, the following is divided into 18 second-level disciplines, namely:
Internal Medicine (100201), Pediatrics (100202), Geriatrics (100203), Neurology (100204), Psychiatry and Mental Hygiene (100205), Dermatology and Venereology (100206), Imaging Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (100207) , Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (100208), Nursing, Surgery (100210), Obstetrics and Gynecology (100211), Ophthalmology (100212), Otorhinolaryngology (100213), Oncology (100214), Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy ( 100215), sports medicine (100216), anesthesiology (100217), emergency medicine (100218)
Clinical Medicine and Basic Medicine
Clinical medicine needs to diagnose and treat patients based on the knowledge acquired in basic medicine. The relationship between the two is similar to the relationship between basic science and applied science. However, it should be noted that there are important differences in the relationship between basic medicine and clinical medicine.
Both basic medicine and clinical medicine have the mission of understanding the life activities of the human body (mainly healthy people, but also patients) and discovering the laws in it. Clinical medicine is the only way to discover diseases and provides a wealth of research materials for the development of medicine.
Clinical diagnosis
Basic process diagnosis: conduct medical history examination, physical examination and selective auxiliary examination of patients, collect clinical data as truthfully and comprehensively as possible; judgment: conduct a comprehensive analysis of the data that has been obtained, and form a conclusion; verify the diagnosis: use treatment or other Means test conclusion.
The basic question is whether the patient is a patient; whether the disease is organic or functional; whether the cause of the disease is clear, single or multiple; whether the disease has complications; whether the disease is acute or chronic; whether there is life-threatening Symptoms and signs; how the patient’s functional status is; whether the disease is benign or malignant; whether auxiliary examinations are necessary and feasible; whether the examination results contradict the clinical impression; whether the treatment results support the diagnosis.
Basic form Diagnosis of etiology, pathological anatomy, pathophysiological diagnosis, comprehensive diagnosis. Impressive temporary diagnosis can be made for those that are temporarily difficult to diagnose.
Method of thinking: procedural diagnostics, reduced diagnostics, catalog diagnostics, and exclusion diagnostics
Methods and techniques to collect medical history: mainly inquiries and medical records; physical examination: mainly inspection, palpation, palpation, smelling, and auscultation; necessary auxiliary examinations: mainly laboratory examinations, imaging examinations, and endoscopy Inspection and pathological examination.
Clinical treatment
What kind of goals can thought process treatment achieve, whether it is cure, palliative treatment, symptomatic treatment, or consolidation treatment, prevention of recurrence, limitation of loss of function, prevention of complications; use all available data to choose the most suitable treatment ; Give priority to the diseases that have the greatest impact on the patient’s life and health; among various treatment methods, especially among various drugs, whether the effects are additive or subtractive, or whether they work individually; when the treatment stops and when to change the dosage Or use other therapies; clarify the limitations of various treatment methods, possible complications and countermeasures; whether the benefits of treatment are worthwhile compared with the potential disadvantages and costs; whether the treatment results support the original diagnosis.
Basic principles: People-oriented principles, professional ethics principles, emphasizing psychotherapy principles, integrity and unity principles, individualization principles, optimal treatment principles, lowest cost principles, and prevention-oriented principles.
Treatment methods (classified according to the purpose of treatment) Radical treatment, supportive treatment, symptomatic treatment, palliative treatment, preventive treatment, rehabilitation treatment, and diagnostic treatment.
Treatment methods (classified by treatment methods) Surgical therapy, interventional therapy, endoscopic therapy, cryotherapy, heat therapy, laser therapy, drug therapy, radiation therapy, biological response modifier therapy, stem cell transplantation therapy, gene therapy and gene therapy, blood Purification therapy, psychotherapy, natural therapy, diet therapy.
